動(dòng)力節(jié)點(diǎn)小編來(lái)告訴大家Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理原理是什么。Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理機(jī)制的出現(xiàn)，給Java開(kāi)發(fā)者帶來(lái)了不必手工編寫(xiě)代理類(lèi)，只需指定一組接口和委托類(lèi)對(duì)象，就可以動(dòng)態(tài)獲取代理類(lèi)。代理類(lèi)負(fù)責(zé)將所有的方法調(diào)用分配給委托對(duì)象進(jìn)行反射執(zhí)行，在分派執(zhí)行的過(guò)程中，開(kāi)發(fā)者還可以根據(jù)需要調(diào)整委托類(lèi)對(duì)象及其功能，這是一個(gè)非常靈活靈活的代理框架。現(xiàn)在讓我們開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)態(tài)代理。

動(dòng)態(tài)代理簡(jiǎn)述在java動(dòng)態(tài)代理機(jī)制中，有兩個(gè)重要的類(lèi)或接口，一個(gè)是InvocationHandler(Interface)、另一個(gè)是Proxy(Class)。

InvocationHandler(interface)說(shuō)明：

InvocationHandler is the interface implemented by the invocation handler of a proxy instance.
Each proxy instance has an associated invocation handler. When a method is invoked on a proxy instance, the method invocation is encoded and dispatched to the invoke method of its invocation handler.

每個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)代理類(lèi)都必須實(shí)現(xiàn) InvocationHandler 這個(gè)接口，并且代理類(lèi)的每個(gè)實(shí)例都關(guān)聯(lián)一個(gè)處理程序，當(dāng)我們通過(guò)代理對(duì)象調(diào)用一種方式時(shí)，對(duì)該方法的調(diào)用會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到 InvocationHandler 這個(gè)接口的 invoke 方法來(lái)進(jìn)行調(diào)用. 我們來(lái)看看 InvocationHandler 做這個(gè)接口的唯一方法 invoke 方法：

Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable

該方法接受三個(gè)參數(shù)并返回一個(gè) Object 類(lèi)型，它們的含義如下：

proxy： 指我們所代表的真實(shí)對(duì)象 method： 指我們要調(diào)用真實(shí)對(duì)象的方法 Method object args： 指在真實(shí)對(duì)象上調(diào)用方法時(shí)接受的參數(shù) Back to Object真實(shí)對(duì)象方法的返回類(lèi)型，以上內(nèi)容將在下面的例子中進(jìn)一步理解。

the value to return from the method invocation on the proxy instance.

Proxy(Class)說(shuō)明：

Proxy provides static methods for creating dynamic proxy classes and instances, and it is also the superclass of all dynamic proxy classes created by those methods.

Proxy 此類(lèi)用于動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建代理對(duì)象。我們經(jīng)常使用 newProxyInstance 這個(gè)方法：

public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException

參數(shù)理解：

// One ClassLoader object , Defined by which ClassLoader Object to load the generated proxy object 
loader - the class loader to define the proxy class 
// One Interface An array of objects , What is the set of interfaces that I'm going to provide to the object that I need to proxy 
interfaces - the list of interfaces for the proxy class to implement 
// One InvocationHandler object , Represents when my dynamic proxy object is calling a method , Which one does it relate to InvocationHandler On the object 
h - the invocation handler to dispatch method invocations to

返回結(jié)果的理解：代理對(duì)象的一個(gè)??實(shí)例

a proxy instance with the specified invocation handler of a proxy class that is defined by the specified class loader and that implements the specified interfaces

普通Java代理我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Java項(xiàng)目用于測(cè)試和理解動(dòng)態(tài)代理，項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

1.我們定義一個(gè)接口Interface，添加兩個(gè)方法。

package com.huhx.proxy;
public interface Interface {
void getMyName();
String getNameById(String id);
}

2.定義一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)上述接口的真實(shí)類(lèi)，RealObject：

package com.huhx.proxy;
public class RealObject implements Interface {
@Override
public void getMyName() {
System.out.println("my name is huhx");
}
@Override
public String getNameById(String id) {
System.out.println("argument id: " + id);
return "huhx";
}./* Welcome to join java communication Q Your appearance ：909038429 Blow water and chat together
}

3.... 和 、 定義一個(gè)代理對(duì)象，它也實(shí)現(xiàn)了上面的接口接口：

package com.huhx.proxy;
public class SimpleProxy implements Interface {
private Interface proxied;
public SimpleProxy(Interface proxied) {
this.proxied = proxied;
}
@Override
public void getMyName() {
System.out.println("proxy getmyname");
proxied.getMyName();
}
@Override
public String getNameById(String id) {
System.out.println("proxy getnamebyid");
return proxied.getNameById(id);
}
}

4.SimpleMain在Main方法中，測(cè)試上述結(jié)果：

package com.huhx.proxy;
public class SimpleMain {
private static void consume(Interface iface) {
iface.getMyName();
String name = iface.getNameById("1");
System.out.println("name: " + name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
consume(new RealObject());
System.out.println("========================================================");
consume(new SimpleProxy(new RealObject()));
}
}

5.... 和 、 運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：

my name is huhx
argument id: 1
name: huhx
========================================================
proxy getmyname
my name is huhx
proxy getnamebyid
argument id: 1
name: huhx

Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理完成了上面簡(jiǎn)單的Java代理，現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理，它比代理的思想更進(jìn)了一步，因?yàn)樗梢詣?dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建代理并動(dòng)態(tài)處理對(duì)代理方法的調(diào)用。在動(dòng)態(tài)代理上進(jìn)行的所有調(diào)用都被重定向到單個(gè)調(diào)用處理程序，它的工作是揭示調(diào)用的類(lèi)型并確定相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。下面我們通過(guò)案例加深對(duì)Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理的理解：

1.創(chuàng)建一個(gè)繼承 InvocationHandler 的處理器：DynamicProxyHandler

package com.huhx.dynamicproxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class DynamicProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private Object proxied;
public DynamicProxyHandler(Object proxied) {
System.out.println("dynamic proxy handler constuctor: " + proxied.getClass());
this.proxied = proxied;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("dynamic proxy name: " + proxy.getClass());
System.out.println("method: " + method.getName());
System.out.println("args: " + Arrays.toString(args));
Object invokeObject = method.invoke(proxied, args);
if (invokeObject != null) {
System.out.println("invoke object: " + invokeObject.getClass());
} else {
System.out.println("invoke object is null");
}
return invokeObject;
}
}

2.我們寫(xiě)一個(gè)測(cè)試Main方法，DynamicProxyMain：

package com.huhx.dynamicproxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import com.huhx.proxy.Interface;
import com.huhx.proxy.RealObject;
public class DynamicProxyMain {
public static void consumer(Interface iface) {
iface.getMyName();
String name = iface.getNameById("1");
System.out.println("name: " + name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, SecurityException, Throwable {
RealObject realObject = new RealObject();
consumer(realObject);
System.out.println("==============================");
// A dynamic proxy 
ClassLoader classLoader = Interface.class.getClassLoader();
Class<?>[] interfaces = new Class[] { Interface.class };
InvocationHandler handler = new DynamicProxyHandler(realObject);
Interface proxy = (Interface) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, interfaces, handler);
System.out.println("in dynamicproxyMain proxy: " + proxy.getClass());
consumer(proxy);
}./* Welcome to join java communication Q Your appearance ：909038429 Blow water and chat together
}

3. ... 和 、 運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：

my name is huhx
argument id: 1
name: huhx
==============================
dynamic proxy handler constuctor: class com.huhx.proxy.RealObject
in dynamicproxyMain proxy: class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
dynamic proxy name: class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
method: getMyName
args: null
my name is huhx
invoke object is null
dynamic proxy name: class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
method: getNameById
args: [1]
argument id: 1
invoke object: class java.lang.String
name: huhx

從以上輸出，我們可以得出以下結(jié)論：

與代理對(duì)象InvocationHandler相關(guān)聯(lián)，只有當(dāng)代理對(duì)象調(diào)用一個(gè)方法時(shí)，才進(jìn)行invoke方法invoke 的三個(gè)參數(shù)的理解：對(duì)象代理是代理的對(duì)象，方法方法是真實(shí)對(duì)象調(diào)用的方法class , Object[] args 是真實(shí)對(duì)象中調(diào)用方法的參數(shù)

Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理的原理

1.動(dòng)態(tài)代理的關(guān)鍵代碼是Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, interfaces, handler)，我們跟進(jìn)源碼看看：

public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException {
// handler Can't be empty 
if (h == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
// adopt loader And interface , Get a proxy Class object 
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (sm != null && ProxyAccessHelper.needsNewInstanceCheck(cl)) {
// create proxy instance with doPrivilege as the proxy class may
// implement non-public interfaces that requires a special permission
return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
public Object run() {
return newInstance(cons, ih);
}
});
} else {
// Create an instance of the proxy object 
return newInstance(cons, ih);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString());
}
}

2.我們來(lái)看newInstance方法的源碼：

private static Object newInstance(Constructor<?> cons, InvocationHandler h) {
try {
return cons.newInstance(new Object[] {h} );
} catch (IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString());
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString());
}
}
}

3....和、 當(dāng)我們通過(guò)代理對(duì)象調(diào)用一種方式時(shí)，對(duì)該方法的調(diào)用轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) InvocationHandler 這個(gè)接口的 invoke 方法進(jìn)行調(diào)用。體現(xiàn)這句話的代碼，在源碼中沒(méi)有找到，所以在測(cè)試類(lèi)的main方法中添加如下代碼：

if (proxy instanceof Proxy) {
InvocationHandler invocationHandler = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(proxy);
invocationHandler.invoke(proxy, realObject.getClass().getMethod("getMyName"), null);
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}

這段代碼的輸出如下，而且，在上面，調(diào)用代理對(duì)象getMyName的方法輸出是一樣的，不知道!jvm 是否按此方式判斷到底：

dynamic proxy handler constuctor: class com.huhx.proxy.RealObject
dynamic proxy name: class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
method: getMyName
args: null
my name is huhx
invoke object is null

通過(guò)上述介紹，相信大家對(duì)Java動(dòng)態(tài)代理原理已經(jīng)有所了解，大家如果想了解更多相關(guān)知識(shí)，不妨來(lái)關(guān)注一下動(dòng)力節(jié)點(diǎn)的Java在線學(xué)習(xí)，里面還有更豐富的知識(shí)等著大家去學(xué)習(xí)，希望對(duì)大家能夠有所幫助哦。