監(jiān)聽(tīng)域?qū)ο笾袑傩缘淖兏谋O(jiān)聽(tīng)器
域?qū)ο笾袑傩缘淖兏氖录O(jiān)聽(tīng)器就是用來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng) ServletContext, HttpSession, HttpServletRequest 這三個(gè)對(duì)象中的屬性變更信息事件的監(jiān)聽(tīng)器。
這三個(gè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器接口分別是ServletContextAttributeListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener 和ServletRequestAttributeListener,這三個(gè)接口中都定義了三個(gè)方法來(lái)處理被監(jiān)聽(tīng)對(duì)象中的屬性的增加,刪除和替換的事件,同一個(gè)事件在這三個(gè)接口中對(duì)應(yīng)的方法名稱完全相同,只是接受的參數(shù)類型不同。
● attributeAdded 方法
當(dāng)向被監(jiān)聽(tīng)對(duì)象中增加一個(gè)屬性時(shí),web容器就調(diào)用事件監(jiān)聽(tīng)器的attributeAdded方法進(jìn)行響應(yīng),這個(gè)方法接收一個(gè)事件類型的參數(shù),監(jiān)聽(tīng)器可以通過(guò)這個(gè)參數(shù)來(lái)獲得正在增加屬性的域?qū)ο蠛捅槐4娴接蛑械膶傩詫?duì)象,各個(gè)域?qū)傩员O(jiān)聽(tīng)器中的完整語(yǔ)法定義為:
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent hsbe)
public void attributeRmoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
● attributeRemoved 方法
當(dāng)刪除被監(jiān)聽(tīng)對(duì)象中的一個(gè)屬性時(shí),web容器調(diào)用事件監(jiān)聽(tīng)器的attributeRemoved方法進(jìn)行響應(yīng)各個(gè)域?qū)傩员O(jiān)聽(tīng)器中的完整語(yǔ)法定義為:
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
public void attributeRemoved (HttpSessionBindingEvent hsbe)
public void attributeRemoved (ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
● attributeReplaced 方法
當(dāng)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器的域?qū)ο笾械哪硞€(gè)屬性被替換時(shí),web容器調(diào)用事件監(jiān)聽(tīng)器的attributeReplaced方法進(jìn)行響應(yīng),各個(gè)域?qū)傩员O(jiān)聽(tīng)器中的完整語(yǔ)法定義為:
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
public void attributeReplaced (HttpSessionBindingEvent hsbe)
public void attributeReplaced (ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae)
● ServletContextAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器范例:
編寫ServletContextAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器監(jiān)聽(tīng)ServletContext域?qū)ο蟮膶傩灾底兓闆r,代碼如下:
package me.gacl.web.listener;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
/**
* @ClassName: MyServletContextAttributeListener
* @Description: ServletContext域?qū)ο笾袑傩缘淖兏氖录O(jiān)聽(tīng)器
* @author: 孤傲蒼狼
* @date: 2014-9-11 下午10:53:04
*
*/
public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements
ServletContextAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"ServletContext域?qū)ο笾刑砑恿藢傩?{0},屬性值是:{1}"
,scab.getName()
,scab.getValue());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"ServletContext域?qū)ο笾袆h除屬性:{0},屬性值是:{1}"
,scab.getName()
,scab.getValue());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"ServletContext域?qū)ο笾刑鎿Q了屬性:{0}的值"
,scab.getName());
System.out.println(str);
}
}
在web.xml文件中注冊(cè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器
<listener>
<description>MyServletContextAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器</description>
<listener-class>me.gacl.web.listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
</listener>
編寫ServletContextAttributeListenerTest.jsp測(cè)試頁(yè)面
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>ServletContextAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器測(cè)試</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
//往application域?qū)ο笾刑砑訉傩? application.setAttribute("name", "孤傲蒼狼");
//替換application域?qū)ο笾衝ame屬性的值
application.setAttribute("name", "gacl");
//移除application域?qū)ο笾衝ame屬性
application.removeAttribute("name");
%>
</body>
</html>
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:
從運(yùn)行結(jié)果中可以看到,ServletContextListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器成功監(jiān)聽(tīng)到了ServletContext域?qū)ο?application)中的屬性值的變化情況。
● ServletRequestAttributeListener和HttpSessionAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器范例:
編寫監(jiān)聽(tīng)器監(jiān)聽(tīng)HttpSession和HttpServletRequest域?qū)ο蟮膶傩灾底兓闆r,代碼如下:
package me.gacl.web.listener;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
public class MyRequestAndSessionAttributeListener implements
HttpSessionAttributeListener, ServletRequestAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"ServletRequest域?qū)ο笾刑砑恿藢傩?{0},屬性值是:{1}"
,srae.getName()
,srae.getValue());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"ServletRequest域?qū)ο笾袆h除屬性:{0},屬性值是:{1}"
,srae.getName()
,srae.getValue());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"ServletRequest域?qū)ο笾刑鎿Q了屬性:{0}的值"
,srae.getName());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"HttpSession域?qū)ο笾刑砑恿藢傩?{0},屬性值是:{1}"
,se.getName()
,se.getValue());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"HttpSession域?qū)ο笾袆h除屬性:{0},屬性值是:{1}"
,se.getName()
,se.getValue());
System.out.println(str);
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
String str =MessageFormat.format(
"HttpSession域?qū)ο笾刑鎿Q了屬性:{0}的值"
,se.getName());
System.out.println(str);
}
}
在web.xml文件中注冊(cè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器
<listener>
<description>MyRequestAndSessionAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器</description>
<listener-class>me.gacl.web.listener.MyRequestAndSessionAttributeListener</listener-class>
</listener>
編寫RequestAndSessionAttributeListenerTest.jsp測(cè)試頁(yè)面
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>RequestAndSessionAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器測(cè)試</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
//往session域?qū)ο笾刑砑訉傩? session.setAttribute("aa", "bb");
//替換session域?qū)ο笾衋a屬性的值
session.setAttribute("aa", "xx");
//移除session域?qū)ο笾衋a屬性
session.removeAttribute("aa");
//往request域?qū)ο笾刑砑訉傩? request.setAttribute("aa", "bb");
//替換request域?qū)ο笾衋a屬性的值
request.setAttribute("aa", "xx");
//移除request域?qū)ο笾衋a屬性
request.removeAttribute("aa");
%>
</body>
</html>
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:
從運(yùn)行結(jié)果中可以看到,HttpSessionAttributeListener監(jiān)聽(tīng)器和ServletRequestAttributeListener成功監(jiān)聽(tīng)到了HttpSession域?qū)ο蠛虷ttpServletRequest域?qū)ο蟮膶傩灾底兓闆r。
保存在Session域中的對(duì)象可以有多種狀態(tài):綁定(session.setAttribute(“bean”,Object))到Session中;從 Session域中解除(session.removeAttribute(“bean”))綁定;隨Session對(duì)象持久化到一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備中;隨Session對(duì)象從一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備中恢復(fù)
Servlet 規(guī)范中定義了兩個(gè)特殊的監(jiān)聽(tīng)器接口“HttpSessionBindingListener和HttpSessionActivationListener”來(lái)幫助JavaBean 對(duì)象了解自己在Session域中的這些狀態(tài): ,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)接口的類不需要 web.xml 文件中進(jìn)行注冊(cè)。
● HttpSessionBindingListener接口
實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpSessionBindingListener接口的JavaBean對(duì)象可以感知自己被綁定到Session中和 Session中刪除的事件
當(dāng)對(duì)象被綁定到HttpSession對(duì)象中時(shí),web服務(wù)器調(diào)用該對(duì)象的void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)方法
當(dāng)對(duì)象從HttpSession對(duì)象中解除綁定時(shí),web服務(wù)器調(diào)用該對(duì)象的void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)方法
范例:
package me.gacl.domain;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
/**
* @ClassName: JavaBeanDemo1
* @Description:
* 實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpSessionBindingListener接口的 JavaBean對(duì)象可以感知自己被綁定到 Session中和從Session中刪除的事件
當(dāng)對(duì)象被綁定到 HttpSession 對(duì)象中時(shí),web 服務(wù)器調(diào)用該對(duì)象的 void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) 方法
當(dāng)對(duì)象從 HttpSession 對(duì)象中解除綁定時(shí),web 服務(wù)器調(diào)用該對(duì)象的 void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event)方法
* @author: 孤傲蒼狼
* @date: 2014-9-11 下午11:14:54
*
*/
public class JavaBeanDemo1 implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
private String name;
@Override
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
System.out.println(name+"被加到session中了");
}
@Override
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
System.out.println(name+"被session踢出來(lái)了");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public JavaBeanDemo1(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
上述的JavaBeanDemo1這個(gè)javabean實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpSessionBindingListener接口,那么這個(gè)JavaBean對(duì)象可以感知自己被綁定到Session中和從Session中刪除的這兩個(gè)操作,測(cè)試代碼如下:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@page import=" me.gacl.domain.JavaBeanDemo1"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<%
//將javabean對(duì)象綁定到Session中
session.setAttribute("bean",new JavaBeanDemo1("孤傲蒼狼"));
//從Session中刪除javabean對(duì)象
session.removeAttribute("bean");
%>
</body>
</html>
運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:
● HttpSessionActivationListener接口
實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpSessionActivationListener接口的JavaBean對(duì)象可以感知自己被活化(反序列化)和鈍化(序列化)的事件
當(dāng)綁定到HttpSession對(duì)象中的javabean對(duì)象將要隨HttpSession對(duì)象被鈍化(序列化)之前,web服務(wù)器調(diào)用該javabean對(duì)象的void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent event) 方法。這樣javabean對(duì)象就可以知道自己將要和HttpSession對(duì)象一起被序列化(鈍化)到硬盤中
當(dāng)綁定到HttpSession對(duì)象中的javabean對(duì)象將要隨HttpSession對(duì)象被活化(反序列化)之后,web服務(wù)器調(diào)用該javabean對(duì)象的void sessionDidActive(HttpSessionEvent event)方法。這樣javabean對(duì)象就可以知道自己將要和 HttpSession對(duì)象一起被反序列化(活化)回到內(nèi)存中
范例:
package me.gacl.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
/**
* @ClassName: JavaBeanDemo2
* @Description:
實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpSessionActivationListener接口的 JavaBean 對(duì)象可以感知自己被活化和鈍化的事件
活化:javabean對(duì)象和Session一起被反序列化(活化)到內(nèi)存中。
鈍化:javabean對(duì)象存在Session中,當(dāng)服務(wù)器把session序列化到硬盤上時(shí),如果Session中的javabean對(duì)象實(shí)現(xiàn)了Serializable接口
那么服務(wù)器會(huì)把session中的javabean對(duì)象一起序列化到硬盤上,javabean對(duì)象和Session一起被序列化到硬盤中的這個(gè)操作稱之為鈍化
如果Session中的javabean對(duì)象沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)Serializable接口,那么服務(wù)器會(huì)先把Session中沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)Serializable接口的javabean對(duì)象移除
然后再把Session序列化(鈍化)到硬盤中
當(dāng)綁定到 HttpSession對(duì)象中的javabean對(duì)象將要隨 HttpSession對(duì)象被鈍化之前,
web服務(wù)器調(diào)用該javabean對(duì)象對(duì)象的 void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent event)方法
這樣javabean對(duì)象就可以知道自己將要和 HttpSession對(duì)象一起被序列化(鈍化)到硬盤中
當(dāng)綁定到HttpSession對(duì)象中的javabean對(duì)象將要隨 HttpSession對(duì)象被活化之后,
web服務(wù)器調(diào)用該javabean對(duì)象的 void sessionDidActive(HttpSessionEvent event)方法
這樣javabean對(duì)象就可以知道自己將要和 HttpSession對(duì)象一起被反序列化(活化)回到內(nèi)存中
* @author: 孤傲蒼狼
* @date: 2014-9-11 下午11:22:35
*
*/
public class JavaBeanDemo2 implements HttpSessionActivationListener,
Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7589841135210272124L;
private String name;
@Override
public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println(name+"和session一起被序列化(鈍化)到硬盤了,session的id是:"+se.getSession().getId());
}
@Override
public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println(name+"和session一起從硬盤反序列化(活化)回到內(nèi)存了,session的id是:"+se.getSession().getId());
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public JavaBeanDemo2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
為了觀察綁定到HttpSession對(duì)象中的javabean對(duì)象隨HttpSession對(duì)象一起被鈍化到硬盤上和從硬盤上重新活化回到內(nèi)存中的的過(guò)程,我們需要借助tomcat服務(wù)器幫助我們完成HttpSession對(duì)象的鈍化和活化過(guò)程,具體做法如下:
在WebRoot\META-INF文件夾下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)context.xml文件,如下所示:
context.xml文件的內(nèi)容如下:
<Context>
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager" maxIdleSwap="1">
<Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore" directory="gacl"/>
</Manager>
</Context>
在context.xml文件文件中配置了1分鐘之后就將HttpSession對(duì)象鈍化到本地硬盤的一個(gè)gacl文件夾中
jsp測(cè)試代碼如下:
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@page import="me.gacl.domain.JavaBeanDemo2"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
一訪問(wèn)JSP頁(yè)面,HttpSession就創(chuàng)建了,創(chuàng)建好的Session的Id是:${pageContext.session.id}
<hr/>
<%
session.setAttribute("bean",new JavaBeanDemo2("孤傲蒼狼"));
%>
</body>
</html>
訪問(wèn)這個(gè)jsp頁(yè)面,服務(wù)器就會(huì)馬上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)HttpSession對(duì)象,然后將實(shí)現(xiàn)了HttpSessionActivationListener接口的JavaBean對(duì)象綁定到session對(duì)象中,這個(gè)jsp頁(yè)面在等待1分鐘之后沒(méi)有人再次訪問(wèn),那么服務(wù)器就會(huì)自動(dòng)將這個(gè)HttpSession對(duì)象鈍化(序列化)到硬盤上,
我們可以在tomcat服務(wù)器的work\Catalina\localhost\JavaWeb_Listener_20140908\gacl文件夾下找到序列化到本地存儲(chǔ)的session,如下圖所示:
當(dāng)再次訪問(wèn)這個(gè)Jsp頁(yè)面時(shí),服務(wù)器又會(huì)自動(dòng)將已經(jīng)鈍化(序列化)到硬盤上HttpSession對(duì)象重新活化(反序列化)回到內(nèi)存中。運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下:
JavaWeb開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)中的監(jiān)聽(tīng)器技術(shù)的內(nèi)容就這么多了,在平時(shí)的工作中,監(jiān)聽(tīng)器技術(shù)在JavaWeb項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)中用得是比較多,因此必須掌握這門技術(shù)。